File sd_card/README.md added (mode: 100644) (index 0000000..697baed) |
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# SD Card example |
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This example demonstrates how to use an SD card with ESP32. Example does the following steps: |
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1. Use an "all-in-one" `esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount` function to: |
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- initialize SDMMC peripheral, |
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- probe and initialize the card connected to SD/MMC slot 1 (HS2_CMD, HS2_CLK, HS2_D0, HS2_D1, HS2_D2, HS2_D3 lines), |
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- mount FAT filesystem using FATFS library (and format card, if the filesystem can not be mounted), |
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- register FAT filesystem in VFS, enabling C standard library and POSIX functions to be used. |
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2. Print information about the card, such as name, type, capacity, and maximum supported frequency. |
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3. Create a file using `fopen` and write to it using `fprintf`. |
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4. Rename the file. Before renaming, check if destination file already exists using `stat` function, and remove it using `unlink` function. |
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5. Open renamed file for reading, read back the line, and print it to the terminal. |
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*Note:* despite the name, `sdmmc` component doesn't support MMC/eMMC cards yet. It is also possible to extend `sdmmc` component to support SPI mode with SD cards via SPI peripheral. |
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## Hardware |
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To run this example, ESP32 development board needs to be connected to SD card as follows: |
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ESP32 pin | SD card pin | SPI pin | Notes |
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--------------|-------------|---------|------------ |
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GPIO14 (MTMS) | CLK | SCK | 10k pullup in SD mode |
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GPIO15 (MTDO) | CMD | MOSI | 10k pullup, both in SD and SPI modes |
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GPIO2 | D0 | MISO | 10k pullup in SD mode, pull low to go into download mode (see note below!) |
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GPIO4 | D1 | N/C | not used in 1-line SD mode; 10k pullup in 4-line SD mode |
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GPIO12 (MTDI) | D2 | N/C | not used in 1-line SD mode; 10k pullup in 4-line SD mode (see note below!) |
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GPIO13 (MTCK) | D3 | CS | not used in 1-line SD mode, but card's D3 pin must have a 10k pullup |
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N/C | CD | | optional, not used in the example |
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N/C | WP | | optional, not used in the example |
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This example doesn't utilize card detect (CD) and write protect (WP) signals from SD card slot. |
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With the given pinout for SPI mode, same connections between the SD card and ESP32 can be used to test both SD and SPI modes, provided that the appropriate pullups are in place. |
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See document `sd_pullup_requirements.rst` in `docs/en/api-reference/peripherals/` for more details about pullup support and compatiblities about modules and devkits. |
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In SPI mode, pins can be customized. See the initialization of ``sdspi_slot_config_t`` structure in the example code. |
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### Note about GPIO2 |
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GPIO2 pin is used as a bootstrapping pin, and should be low to enter UART download mode. One way to do this is to connect GPIO0 and GPIO2 using a jumper, and then the auto-reset circuit on most development boards will pull GPIO2 low along with GPIO0, when entering download mode. |
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- Some boards have pulldown and/or LED on GPIO2. LED is usually ok, but pulldown will interfere with D0 signals and must be removed. Check the schematic of your development board for anything connected to GPIO2. |
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### Note about GPIO12 |
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GPIO12 is used as a bootstrapping pin to select output voltage of an internal regulator which powers the flash chip (VDD_SDIO). This pin has an internal pulldown so if left unconnected it will read low at reset (selecting default 3.3V operation). When adding a pullup to this pin for SD card operation, consider the following: |
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- For boards which don't use the internal regulator (VDD_SDIO) to power the flash, GPIO12 can be pulled high. |
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- For boards which use 1.8V flash chip, GPIO12 needs to be pulled high at reset. This is fully compatible with SD card operation. |
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- On boards which use the internal regulator and a 3.3V flash chip, GPIO12 must be low at reset. This is incompatible with SD card operation. |
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* In most cases, external pullup can be omitted and an internal pullup can be enabled using a `gpio_pullup_en(GPIO_NUM_12);` call. Most SD cards work fine when an internal pullup on GPIO12 line is enabled. Note that if ESP32 experiences a power-on reset while the SD card is sending data, high level on GPIO12 can be latched into the bootstrapping register, and ESP32 will enter a boot loop until external reset with correct GPIO12 level is applied. |
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* Another option is to burn the flash voltage selection efuses. This will permanently select 3.3V output voltage for the internal regulator, and GPIO12 will not be used as a bootstrapping pin. Then it is safe to connect a pullup resistor to GPIO12. This option is suggested for production use. |
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The following command can be used to program flash voltage selection efuses **to 3.3V**: |
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```sh |
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components/esptool_py/esptool/espefuse.py set_flash_voltage 3.3V |
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``` |
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This command will burn the `XPD_SDIO_TIEH`, `XPD_SDIO_FORCE`, and `XPD_SDIO_REG` efuses. With all three burned to value 1, the internal VDD_SDIO flash voltage regulator is permanently enabled at 3.3V. See the technical reference manual for more details. |
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`espefuse.py` has a `--do-not-confirm` option if running from an automated flashing script. |
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## 4-line and 1-line modes |
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By default, example code uses the following initializer for SDMMC host peripheral configuration: |
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```c++ |
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sdmmc_host_t host = SDMMC_HOST_DEFAULT(); |
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``` |
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Among other things, this sets `host.flags` to `SDMMC_HOST_FLAG_4BIT`, which means that SD/MMC driver will switch to 4-line mode when initializing the card (initial communication always happens in 1-line mode). If some of the card's D1, D2, D3 pins are not connected to the ESP32, set `host.flags` to `SDMMC_HOST_FLAG_1BIT` — then the SD/MMC driver will not attempt to switch to 4-line mode. |
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Note that even if card's D3 line is not connected to the ESP32, it still has to be pulled up, otherwise the card will go into SPI protocol mode. |
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## SPI mode |
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By default, the example uses SDMMC Host peripheral to access SD card. To use SPI peripheral instead, uncomment ``#define USE_SPI_MODE`` in the example code. |
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## Example output |
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Here is an example console output. In this case a 128MB SDSC card was connected, and `format_if_mount_failed` parameter was set to `true` in the source code. Card was unformatted, so the initial mount has failed. Card was then partitioned, formatted, and mounted again. |
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``` |
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I (1776) example: Initializing SD card |
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W (1856) vfs_fat_sdmmc: failed to mount card (13) |
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W (1856) vfs_fat_sdmmc: partitioning card |
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W (1856) vfs_fat_sdmmc: formatting card |
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W (2726) vfs_fat_sdmmc: mounting again |
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I (2736) example: Card info: |
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I (2736) example: Name: SU128 |
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I (2736) example: Type: SDSC |
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I (2736) example: Capacity: 120 MB |
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I (2736) example: Max clock speed: 25 MHz |
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I (2736) example: Opening file |
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I (2756) example: File written |
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I (2756) example: Renaming file |
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I (2756) example: Reading file |
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I (2756) example: Read from file: 'Hello SU128!' |
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I (2756) example: Card unmounted |
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``` |
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File sd_card/main/sd_card_example_main.c added (mode: 100644) (index 0000000..ed35b64) |
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/* SD card and FAT filesystem example. |
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This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.) |
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this |
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software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR |
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CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
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*/ |
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#include <stdio.h> |
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#include <string.h> |
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#include <sys/unistd.h> |
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#include <sys/stat.h> |
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#include "esp_err.h" |
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#include "esp_log.h" |
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#include "esp_vfs_fat.h" |
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#include "driver/sdmmc_host.h" |
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#include "driver/sdspi_host.h" |
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#include "sdmmc_cmd.h" |
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static const char *TAG = "example"; |
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// This example can use SDMMC and SPI peripherals to communicate with SD card. |
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// By default, SDMMC peripheral is used. |
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// To enable SPI mode, uncomment the following line: |
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// #define USE_SPI_MODE |
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// When testing SD and SPI modes, keep in mind that once the card has been |
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// initialized in SPI mode, it can not be reinitialized in SD mode without |
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// toggling power to the card. |
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#ifdef USE_SPI_MODE |
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// Pin mapping when using SPI mode. |
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// With this mapping, SD card can be used both in SPI and 1-line SD mode. |
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// Note that a pull-up on CS line is required in SD mode. |
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#define PIN_NUM_MISO 2 |
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#define PIN_NUM_MOSI 15 |
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#define PIN_NUM_CLK 14 |
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#define PIN_NUM_CS 13 |
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#endif //USE_SPI_MODE |
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void app_main(void) |
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{ |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Initializing SD card"); |
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#ifndef USE_SPI_MODE |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Using SDMMC peripheral"); |
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sdmmc_host_t host = SDMMC_HOST_DEFAULT(); |
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// To use 1-line SD mode, uncomment the following line: |
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// host.flags = SDMMC_HOST_FLAG_1BIT; |
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// This initializes the slot without card detect (CD) and write protect (WP) signals. |
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// Modify slot_config.gpio_cd and slot_config.gpio_wp if your board has these signals. |
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sdmmc_slot_config_t slot_config = SDMMC_SLOT_CONFIG_DEFAULT(); |
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// GPIOs 15, 2, 4, 12, 13 should have external 10k pull-ups. |
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// Internal pull-ups are not sufficient. However, enabling internal pull-ups |
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// does make a difference some boards, so we do that here. |
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gpio_set_pull_mode(15, GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY); // CMD, needed in 4- and 1- line modes |
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gpio_set_pull_mode(2, GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY); // D0, needed in 4- and 1-line modes |
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gpio_set_pull_mode(4, GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY); // D1, needed in 4-line mode only |
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gpio_set_pull_mode(12, GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY); // D2, needed in 4-line mode only |
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gpio_set_pull_mode(13, GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY); // D3, needed in 4- and 1-line modes |
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#else |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Using SPI peripheral"); |
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sdmmc_host_t host = SDSPI_HOST_DEFAULT(); |
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sdspi_slot_config_t slot_config = SDSPI_SLOT_CONFIG_DEFAULT(); |
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slot_config.gpio_miso = PIN_NUM_MISO; |
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slot_config.gpio_mosi = PIN_NUM_MOSI; |
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slot_config.gpio_sck = PIN_NUM_CLK; |
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slot_config.gpio_cs = PIN_NUM_CS; |
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// This initializes the slot without card detect (CD) and write protect (WP) signals. |
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// Modify slot_config.gpio_cd and slot_config.gpio_wp if your board has these signals. |
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#endif //USE_SPI_MODE |
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// Options for mounting the filesystem. |
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// If format_if_mount_failed is set to true, SD card will be partitioned and |
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// formatted in case when mounting fails. |
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esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount_config_t mount_config = { |
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.format_if_mount_failed = false, |
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.max_files = 5, |
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.allocation_unit_size = 16 * 1024 |
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}; |
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// Use settings defined above to initialize SD card and mount FAT filesystem. |
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// Note: esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount is an all-in-one convenience function. |
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// Please check its source code and implement error recovery when developing |
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// production applications. |
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sdmmc_card_t* card; |
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esp_err_t ret = esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount("/sdcard", &host, &slot_config, &mount_config, &card); |
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if (ret != ESP_OK) { |
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if (ret == ESP_FAIL) { |
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ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to mount filesystem. " |
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"If you want the card to be formatted, set format_if_mount_failed = true."); |
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} else { |
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ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize the card (%s). " |
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"Make sure SD card lines have pull-up resistors in place.", esp_err_to_name(ret)); |
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} |
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return; |
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} |
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// Card has been initialized, print its properties |
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sdmmc_card_print_info(stdout, card); |
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// Use POSIX and C standard library functions to work with files. |
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// First create a file. |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Opening file"); |
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FILE* f = fopen("/sdcard/hello.txt", "w"); |
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if (f == NULL) { |
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ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to open file for writing"); |
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return; |
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} |
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fprintf(f, "Hello %s!\n", card->cid.name); |
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fclose(f); |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "File written"); |
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// Check if destination file exists before renaming |
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struct stat st; |
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if (stat("/sdcard/foo.txt", &st) == 0) { |
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// Delete it if it exists |
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unlink("/sdcard/foo.txt"); |
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} |
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// Rename original file |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Renaming file"); |
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if (rename("/sdcard/hello.txt", "/sdcard/foo.txt") != 0) { |
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ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Rename failed"); |
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return; |
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} |
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// Open renamed file for reading |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Reading file"); |
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f = fopen("/sdcard/foo.txt", "r"); |
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if (f == NULL) { |
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ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to open file for reading"); |
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return; |
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} |
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char line[64]; |
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fgets(line, sizeof(line), f); |
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fclose(f); |
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// strip newline |
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char* pos = strchr(line, '\n'); |
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if (pos) { |
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*pos = '\0'; |
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} |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Read from file: '%s'", line); |
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// All done, unmount partition and disable SDMMC or SPI peripheral |
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esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_unmount(); |
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Card unmounted"); |
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} |